ABSTRACT
Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune disorder that affects peripheral nerves and the cause is not known completely, but it is associated with infections by viruses or bacteria. Case report We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient, a health student, who start 24 hours after received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with proximal weakness of the right upper limb, later in the left side with descending and distal progression. Discussion GBS cases related to COVID-19 vaccines have been published, the most common being BNT162b2, which is mRNA, there are also cases published after the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) vaccine, which is a non-replicating viral vector. The incidence of GBS is estimated at 0.43 per 100.00 doses applied, under registered national incidence of 1.1-1.8 per 100,000 persons per year. Conclusions It is important to mention that although GBS can occur after vaccination against COVID-19, this incidence is much lower than which occurs in the community in Mexico associated with other diseases, considering more common the presence of cases related to infectious gastrointestinal diseases.
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Resumen Introducción El síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es un padecimiento inmunológico poco común que afecta a los nervios periféricos, la causa no es del todo conocida, pero está asociada a infecciones por virus o bacterias. Presentación del caso Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 23 años de edad, estudiante del área de la salud, que 24 horas posteriores a recibir la segunda dosis de la vacuna COVID BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-Biontech) presentó debilidad proximal de extremidad superior derecha, posteriormente en la izquierda con progresión descendente y distal. Discusión En general se han publicado casos de SGB relacionados a las vacunas contra COVID-19 siendo la más común la BNT162b2 que es de mRNA, también hay casos publicados posteriores a la vacuna AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) que es de vector viral no replicante. Se calcula que la incidencia de SGB en 0.43 por cada 100,00 dosis aplicadas, por debajo de la incidencia nacional registrada de 1.1-1.8 por cada 100,000 habitantes al año. Conclusiones Es importante mencionar que si bien se puede presentar SGB posterior a la vacunación contra COVID-19, esta incidencia es mucho menor a lo presentado en la comunidad en México asociado a otros padecimientos, considerándose más común la presencia de casos relacionados a padecimientos infecciosos gastrointestinales. Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune disorder that affects peripheral nerves and the cause is not known completely, but it is associated with infections by viruses or bacteria. Case report We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient, a health student, who start 24 hours after received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with proximal weakness of the right upper limb, later in the left side with descending and distal progression. Discussion GBS cases related to COVID-19 vaccines have been published, the most common being BNT162b2, which is mRNA, there are also cases published after the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) vaccine, which is a non-replicating viral vector. The incidence of GBS is estimated at 0.43 per 100.00 doses applied, under registered national incidence of 1.1-1.8 per 100,000 persons per year. Conclusions It is important to mention that although GBS can occur after vaccination against COVID-19, this incidence is much lower than which occurs in the community in Mexico associated with other diseases, considering more common the presence of cases related to infectious gastrointestinal diseases.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune disorder that affects peripheral nerves and the cause is not known completely, but it is associated with infections by viruses or bacteria. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient, a health student, who start 24 hours after received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with proximal weakness of the right upper limb, later on the left side with descending and distal progression. DISCUSSION: GBS cases related to COVID-19 vaccines have been published, the most common being BNT162b2, which is mRNA, there are also cases published after the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) vaccine, which is a non-replicating viral vector. The incidence of GBS is estimated at 0.43 per 100.00 doses applied, under registered national incidence of 1.1-1.8 per 100,000 persons per year. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to mention that although GBS can occur after vaccination against COVID-19, this incidence is much lower than which occurs in the community in Mexico associated with other diseases, considering more common the presence of cases related to infectious gastrointestinal diseases.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es un padecimiento inmunológico poco común que afecta a los nervios periféricos;la causa no es del todo conocida pero está asociada a las infecciones por virus o bacterias. Presentación del caso: reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 23 años de edad, estudiante del área de la salud, que 24 horas posteriores a recibir la segunda dosis de la vacuna COVID BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) presentó debilidad proximal de la extremidad superior derecha, posteriormente en la izquierda, con progresión descendente y distal. Discusión: en general, se han publicado casos de SGB relacionados a las vacunas contra la COVID-19 siendo la más común la BNT162b2 que es de mRNA, también hay casos publicados posteriores a la vacuna AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) que es de vector víricono replicante. Se calcula que la incidencia de SGB en 0,43 por cada 100,000 dosis aplicadas, por debajo de la incidencia nacional registrada de 1,1-1,8 por cada 100,000 habitantes al año. Conclusiones: si bien se puede presentar el SGB posterior a la vacunación contra la COVID-19, esta incidencia es mucho menor a la presentada en México para otros padecimientos, considerándose más común la presencia de casos asociados a padecimientos infecciosos gastrointestinales.
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INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV2 pandemic marks the need to pay attention to bacterial pathogens that can complicate the hospital stay of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). ESKAPE bacteria which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae are considered the most important, because of their close relationship with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of this work was to identify and characterize ESKAPE bacteria and to detect their possible clonal spread in medical devices, patients, and medical personnel of the ICU for COVID-19 patients of the Hospital Juarez de Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Genetic identification of ESKAPE bacteria was performed by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. Resistance assays were performed according to the CLSI guidelines. Assembly of AdeABCRS operon and inhibition assays of pumps efflux in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were performed. Associated gene involved in biofilm formation (icaA) was performed in isolates belonging to the Staphylococcus genus. Finally, typing by ERIC-PCR and characterization of mobile genetic element SCCmec were done. RESULTS: Heterogeneous distribution of ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE bacteria was detected in various medical devices, patients, and medical personnel. Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant ESKAPE members. The analysis of intergenic regions revealed an important clonal distribution of A. baumannii (AdeABCRS+). Genotyping of SCCmec mobile genetic elements and the icaA gene showed that there is no clonal distribution of S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Clonal spread of A. baumannii (AdeABCRS+) highlights the importance of adopting good practices for equipment disinfection, surfaces and management of COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/transmission , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , COVID-19/prevention & control , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units , Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/growth & development , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Genotype , Humans , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences , Mexico , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: One of the serious consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the shortage of protective equipment for health personnel. N95 masks are considered one of the essential protective equipment in the management of patients with COVID-19. The shortage of N95 masks implies potential health risks for health personnel and significant economic losses for the health institution. The objective of this work was to investigate the disinfection of N95 masks artificially contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 and ESKAPE bacteria by using hydrogen peroxide plasma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined the disinfection capacity of hydrogen peroxide plasma against the SARS-CoV-2 and 2 members of the ESKAPE bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus) through a study of artificial contamination in situ of N95 masks. Amplification of specific genes by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of SARS-CoV-2 and microbiological culture of ESKAPE bacteria was performed before and after the disinfection process. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in all assays using 5 different concentrations of the virus, and A baumannii and S aureus were not cultivable with inoculums of 102 to 106 CFU after disinfection tests of N95 masks with hydrogen peroxide plasma. CONCLUSION: Disinfection of N95 masks by using the hydrogen peroxide plasma technology can be an alternative for their reuse in a shortage situation. Implications for the use of disinfection technologies of N95 masks and the safety of health personnel are discussed.